ANSWERS: FLOUROMETER

1. Fluorometer
2. True
3. fluorescence emission spectrum
4. fluorescence excitation spectrum
5. Tungsten lamp
6. Xenon lamp
7. Mercury lamp
8. Xenon lamp
9. Spectrofluorometers
10.Filter fluorometers

Drug Testing in School

Every parents and close friends may not be aware that a person is using drugs. As we all know this kind of activity is being done in secret. A sudden change in personality may indicate that she or he is using drugs but such a transformation often occurs without drugs. Most people who used drugs begin doing so in their teens or highschool. They experiment with drugs out of curiousity, for a thrill, or for an expression of rebellion due to family problems and other personal confllicts.

It is easier to prevent drug abuse than to stop the practice after it has started. Thus such assistance of drug testing in schools is needed to lessen the bad effects and extensive risks that this prohibited drugs brings to a person.

QUESTIONS ABOUT FLUOROMETER

1. What device is used to measure the intensity of the fluorescence?

2. True or False. If a substance is in solution, the light's absorbed intensity is usually proportional to the amount of the unknown solution.

3. What is the relationship between the wavelength and the intensity of the emitted radiation?

4. What is the relationship between the wavelength of the radiation and the maximum intensity of the emitted radiation by an activated substance?

5-7. Enumerate at least 3 types of radiation sources used in spectrofluorometry.

8. Which among the radiation sources is often used in spectrofluorometry?

9. Type of fluorometer which utilizes monochromators to separate the fluorescent light from incident light.

10. Type of fluorometer which uses filters to separate the fluorescent light from incident light.

Fluorometric Method

Flourometers are instruments that measures the intensity of the fluorescence. The molecules of certain materials can absorb light energy of certain wavelenghts and re-emit that energy as light of a different wavelength. The wavelengths of the light absored and of the light emitted are characteristic for the substance involved. If this substance is in solution, the intensity of the light emitted is usually proportional to the intensity of light absorbed and to the concentration of the substance in solution.

Reference:
http://apps.who.int/phint/en/p/docf/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy
Photo: by B Lindy

Admirable LIne up for the Top Ten Emerging Influential Blogs

This vote is a vote of admiration and appreciation for these bloggers who had unselfishly shared their time and expertise with us, most especially to Dr. Lorenzo Bernardino (Doc Z) and Sir Roy. They had showed us how true bloggers should work and cooperate with each other to promote camaraderie and wholesomeness.

It is with pride that I therefore vote for My Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009:


1. Doctor Z of Zorlone
2. Roy The Struggling Blogger
3 Jan Geronimo of WritingToExhale
4. Angel Cuala of Father Blogger dot com
5. Irene of LifeLots
6. Luke of A Walk In The Dark
7. Holly Jahangiri of It’s all a matter of Perspective: Mine
8. Bingkee of I Love/Hate America
9. Kelvin Servigon of Kelvinonian Ideas 2.0
10. Dee of Tales From The Mom Side

To know more about this writing project, visit Janette Toral's Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009 site.


Sponsors are: Absolute Traders, My Brute Cheats, Business Summaries, Fitness Advantage Club, Events and Corporate Video, http://www.eventsatwork.com/, Dominguez Marketing Communications, Red Mobile, Budget hotel in Makati, and Blog4Reviews.com.

An Ode to the Ovaries

Ovaries, a pair of female gonad,
oval in shape
and about the size of an unshelled walnut.
On each side of the uterus,
one ovary is located.
To the fallopian tubes,
the ovaries are close to,
but not actually connected.
To store and release egg cells,
the ovaries function.
Also in the secretion
of the female sex hormones,
estrogens and progesterone.


As one of the eggs stored in the ovaries matures,
about midway through the menstrual cycle
it will be released, ovulation occurs.
If the egg is fertilized, a pregnancy begins.
In preparation for pregnancy,
the ovaries will release progesterone
as well as estrogens.
Hormones that will cause
the lining of the uterus to thicken.
If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining is shed,
along with the egg,
allowing the uterus to prepare anew for a fresh egg.


Between the ages of 45 and 50,
most women enter a period called menopause
and stop menstruating.
The ovaries gradually shrink and stop functioning,

END

Answers

ANSWERS:
1. Germinal epithelium or mesothelium
2. Estrogen
3. Progesterone
4. Corpus luteum
5. Follicular cells
6. Granulosa cells
7. Egg cells or Oocytes
8. Corpus albicans
9. Tunica albuginea
10. Ovaries

QUESTIONS:
______ 1. It is the outermost layer of the ovaries.
______ 2. Hormone secreted by the ovaries which promotes female secondary sexual char.
______ 3. Hormones secreted by the ovaries which prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
______ 4. The _____ is derived from the ovarian follicles.
______ 5.
______ 6. Give 3 type of cells which can found in the ovaries.
______ 7.
______ 8. These are the remnants of the corpus luteum.
______ 9. The _____ is a dense connective tissue that surrounds the ovary.
______ 10. The ____ , also called the female gonads, serve as a site of production and secretion of the female sex hormones.

The Ovaries

The female gonads are the ovaries. The ovaries are oval in shape, each measure approximately 3-4 cm long and weigh about 5-8 grams. Ovaries are located close to lateral pelvic wall, behind the broad ligament and anterior to rectum. They are connected to the lateral pelvic wall by suspensory ligament, to the broad ligament by the mesovarium, to the uterus by the utero-ovarian ligament.



Histology

• Germinal epithelium (mesothelium) – the outermost layer of the ovary
• Tunica albuginea –dense connective tissue surrounding the ovary (underneath the germinal epithelium)
• Cortex- contains numerous ovarian follicles
• Ovarian Medulla(or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer) - contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
• Corpus luteum - derived from the ovarian follicles
• Corpus albicans - are the remnant of the corpus luteum

Type of Cells

• Follicular cells
• Granulosa cells
• Oocytes

Function

• They function to store and release egg cells (ova or oocytes).
• The ovaries also serve as a site of production and secretion of the female sex hormones.

Hormones Secreted by the Ovaries:

• Estrogens – originate in the ovarian follicles, promotes female sexual characteristics
• Progesterone – formed in the corpus luteum and also in placenta, prepares the uterus for pregnancy



Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Ovary
http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/Science/Biology/AnatomyPhysiol/Human01_LessonMain.asp?iNum=1208
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/ovary.html#primary